Protecting Quantum Era Cryptography
Today
Classical public-key algorithms such as RSA and ECC will become insecure once large-scale quantum computers are available.
Attackers are already harvesting encrypted data today to decrypt later, once quantum computers become powerful enough to break these algorithms.
To counter this threat, NIST has standardized post-quantum algorithms.
ML-KEM (based on CRYSTALS-Kyber) and ML-DSA (based on CRYSTALS-Dilithium) in FIPS 203 and FIPS 204.
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The Problem
While post-quantum algorithms are mathematically resistant to quantum attacks, their implementations are highly vulnerable to physical attacks, including SCA/FIA attacks, sometimes exploitable with only a single trace.
Masking-based protection methods significantly increase performance, area, and power costs, and many such implementations have already been broken in academia.
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